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Food History

LibGuide compiling resources on food and nutrition history.

Sustainability

 

 
 

Entry from The Gale Encyclopedia of Nutrition and Food Labels

In agriculture, sustainable means to support productive and useful farming systems for an indefinite period of time. This implies that sustainable agriculture must be reducing waste and conserving resources, having a positive impact on the environment and being supported socially. The purpose of sustainable agriculture is to provide enough food, preserve the environment and natural resources to sustain agricultural economy, improve the quality of life, and improve the use of resources. Author Wes Jackson first mentioned sustainable agriculture in his book New Roots for Agriculture in 1980. The term started to be used more widely in 1980s.

Several early movements shaped the presence of sustainable agriculture. The humus farming movement emphasized use of humus in the soil to maintain productivity and soil condition. Mochichi Okada established nature farming practices in Japan after World War II, which used techniques of humus farming. In 1979, the Rodale Institute released the Rodale Guide to Composting, which was used widely by humus farmers and gardeners. The biodynamic movement took place in Europe after Rudolph Steiner published Agriculture Lectures in 1924, in which he discussed his holistic vision of agriculture.

Legislation and regulation

Sustainable agriculture is part of the U.S. Farm Bill of 1990. According to this law, “the term sustainable agriculture means an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long term:

  • satisfy human food and fiber needs

  • enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agricultural economy depends

  • make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls

  • sustain the economic viability of farm operations

  • enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole.”

In 1996, the U.S. secretary of agriculture, Daniel Glickman, developed a Memorandum on the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) sustainable agriculture policy. The document mentioned that the USDA was working toward social, economic, and environmental sustainability of agriculture and would be incorporating these goals into its policies and procedures.

The sustainable agriculture movement in Canada began in the early 1950s, with the Canadian Organic Soil Association, which was later renamed the Land Fellowship. Many more sustainable agriculture organizations were established due to concern for the environment in the 1970s. In the 1980s, Canadian organizations experienced increases in funding and influence over public policy with the number of organizations and activities in sustainable agriculture rising.

 

Videos

 

The average farmer in America makes less than 15 cents of every dollar on a product that you purchase at a store. They feed our communities, but farmers often cannot afford the very foods they grow. In this actionable talk, social entrepreneur Mohammad Modarres shows how to put your purchasing power into action to save local agriculture from collapse and transform the food industry from the bottom up.

 
 

Our food systems have not been designed to adapt to major disruptions like climate change, says environmental journalist Amanda Little. In this eye-opening talk, she shows how the climate crisis could devastate our food supply -- and introduces us to the farmers, entrepreneurs and engineers who are radically rethinking what we grow and how we eat, combining traditional agriculture with state-of-the-art technology to create a robust, resilient and sustainable food future.

 
 

Rising carbon levels in the atmosphere can make plants grow faster, but there's another hidden consequence: they rob plants of the nutrients and vitamins we need to survive. In a talk about global food security, epidemiologist Kristie Ebi explores the potentially massive health consequences of this growing nutrition crisis -- and explores the steps we can take to ensure all people have access to safe, healthy food.

 
 

The path to better food is paved with data, says entrepreneur Erin Baumgartner. Drawing from her experience running a farm-to-table business, she outlines her plan to help create a healthier, zero-waste food system that values the quality and taste of small, local farm harvests over factory-farmed produce.

 

Books & eBooks